（『開発学研究』第14巻第1号［通巻61号］　pp.17−25）

【特別報告】
日本の農村生活改善経験の村落開発過程への適用
−ジェンダー配慮と住民参加型開発を中心に−

富田　祥之亮

Applicability of Rural Life Improvement Experience of Japan to Rural Development
Focused Mainly on Gender Consideration and Participatory Rural Development

Shonosuke TOMITA

要　　旨
　フィリピンにおいて日本の独自性の高い生活改善活動の考え方を基礎にした村落開発プロジェクトが，実施された。日本の経験では，技術向上を手段にして，農民自身のエンパワーメントを高める方法が行われてきた。フィリピンからの要請事項は「技術の向上」であったが，日本人専門家チームは，技術向上を手段にして「考える農民」をつくりだす方法を採用，実施し大きな効果が得られた。生活改善手法の総合的，ニーズ･オリエンテッド，住民参加型といった手法を駆使したものであり，住民の自信を醸成するファシリテーション技術，住民ニーズを判断できるベースライン調査方法など，日本の経験がフィリピンプロジェクトでいかされた。日本の協力終了以降でもフィリピンでは，生活改善手法による村落開発が持続している。生活改善活動経験者が果たす役割は多大であり，今後の村落開発手法の主たる担い手として期待される。

Abstract

The rural development project, which applied the idea of rural life improvement activities as Japan's experience, was implemented in the Philippines. In the rural life improvement activities of Japan, a technological improvement is a means, and the purpose is empowerment of the farmer. The request from the Philippines was "improvement of the technology" for rural women's group activities in food processing and sales promotion activity. But the Japanese expert team proposed a "Thinking Farmer" approach, instead of technological improvement. And the project has been successful and it has gotten a big effect on people's empowerment. The rural life improvement technique includes the comprehensive approach, needs-oriented, and participatory approaches. It also includes an applied facilitation technique that enhances people's confidence and the baseline survey used to recognize people's needs and etc., of which Japan experienced in its extension activities. The rural development through the rural life improvement technique has continued successfully today in the Philippines even after the closing stages of the Japanese cooperation. The role of those Japanese experts undertook the rural life improvement activities are expected to contribute rural development process with community development experts in the next stage.